Ibikoresho by'imashini Inganda Zizaza

Uruvange rwibisabwa hamwe no guhindura ikoranabuhanga
Usibye ingaruka nini zituruka ku cyorezo cya COVID-19, ingaruka nyinshi zo hanze n’imbere ziganisha ku kugabanuka kw'isoko ry'ibikoresho by'imashini.Guhindura inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga biva mumoteri yimbere yaka kugeza mumashanyarazi byerekana ikibazo gikomeye mubikorwa byimashini.Mugihe moteri yo gutwika imbere isaba ibice byinshi byicyuma gisobanutse neza, kimwe ntabwo arukuri kumashanyarazi, afite ibice bike byifashishijwe.Usibye ingaruka z'icyorezo, iyi niyo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye amabwiriza yo gukata ibyuma no gukora imashini yagabanutse cyane mumezi 18 ashize.
Usibye ubukungu budashidikanywaho, inganda ziri mu cyiciro gikomeye cyo guhungabana.Ntabwo bigeze bigira abubaka ibikoresho byimashini bahuye nimpinduka nini mubikorwa byabo nkiziterwa na digitale hamwe nikoranabuhanga rishya.Inzira iganisha ku guhinduka kwinshi mu gukora ituma udushya dushya nka Multitasking hamwe ninganda ziyongera nkuburyo bukwiye bwibikoresho byimashini gakondo.
Guhanga udushya no guhuza byimbitse byerekana ibintu byingenzi.Kwishyira hamwe kwa Sensor, gukoresha ubwenge bwubukorikori (AI), hamwe no guhuza ibintu bigezweho byigana bifasha gutera imbere mubikorwa byimashini nibikorwa rusange (OEE).Ibyuma bishya hamwe nuburyo bushya bwitumanaho, kugenzura, no kugenzura bituma amahirwe mashya ya serivisi zubwenge hamwe nubucuruzi bushya ku isoko ryibikoresho byimashini.Serivisi zongerewe imibare zigiye guhinduka igice cya buri OEM.Igitekerezo cyihariye cyo kugurisha (USP) kiragenda kigana ku nyongeragaciro.Icyorezo cya COVID-19 kirashobora kurushaho kwihutisha iyi nzira.

Inzitizi zubu kubikoresho byimashini zubaka
Inganda zicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa byumva ko ubukungu bwifashe nabi muri rusange.Kubera ko ibikoresho byimashini bikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibindi bicuruzwa bikuru, ibi birakoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa byimashini zikoresha imashini, bigatuma bishobora guhungabana nihindagurika ryubukungu.Ihungabana ry'ubukungu riherutse guterwa n’icyorezo n’izindi ngaruka mbi zavuzwe nkikibazo gikomeye abahura n’ibikoresho byinshi bahura nabyo.
Muri 2019, kwiyongera k'ubukungu bidashidikanywaho binyuze muri politiki ya politiki nk'intambara y'ubucuruzi yo muri Amerika y'Ubushinwa na Brexit byatumye ubukungu bw'isi budindira.Umusoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibikoresho by'ibyuma, n'imashini byagize ingaruka ku nganda zikoresha imashini no kohereza ibikoresho by'imashini.Muri icyo gihe, umubare w’abanywanyi biyongera mu cyiciro cyo hasi cyane cyane ukomoka mu Bushinwa, bahanganye n’isoko.
Kuruhande rwabakiriya, ihinduka ryimikorere munganda zitwara ibinyabiziga ryerekeza kumashanyarazi byatumye habaho ikibazo cyimiterere.Kugabanuka gukwiranye n’ibikenerwa n’imodoka zikoreshwa na moteri yo gutwika imbere biganisha ku kugabanuka kw’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga.Abakora amamodoka ntibashaka gushora imari mu musaruro mushya bitewe n’ejo hazaza h’imoteri zisanzwe, mu gihe kuzamura imirongo mishya y’ibikorwa bya e-modoka bikiri mu ntangiriro.Ibi cyane cyane bigira ingaruka kububaka ibikoresho byibanda kubikoresho byabugenewe byo gukata imashini zikoresha amamodoka.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ntibishoboka ko igabanuka ryibikoresho byimashini rishobora gusimburwa byimazeyo numurongo mushya utanga umusaruro kuko umusaruro wimodoka e bisaba ibyuma bike-byuzuye neza.Ariko gutandukana kwimodoka irenze gutwikwa na moteri ikoreshwa na batiri bizakenera tekinolojiya mishya yumusaruro mumyaka iri imbere.

Ingaruka za COVID-19
Ingaruka nini za COVID-19 zigaragara mu nganda zikoresha imashini kimwe no mu zindi nganda nyinshi.Ihungabana ry’ubukungu muri rusange kubera icyorezo cy’isi yose ryatumye igabanuka ryinshi ry’ibisabwa mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2020. Guhagarika uruganda, guhagarika imiyoboro itangwa, kubura ibice biva mu mahanga, ibibazo by’ibikoresho, n’ibindi bibazo byakajije umurego.
Mu ngaruka z'imbere, bibiri bya gatatu by'ibigo byakoreweho ubushakashatsi byatangaje ko igabanuka rusange ry'ibiciro bitewe n'ibihe biriho.Ukurikije guhuza kwishyira hamwe mubikorwa, ibi byavuyemo igihe kirekire cyigihe gito cyakazi cyangwa no kwirukanwa.
Ibice birenga 50 kw'ijana by'ibigo bigiye kongera gutekereza ku ngamba zabyo bijyanye n'imiterere mishya y'ibidukikije.Kuri kimwe cya gatatu cyibigo, ibi bivamo impinduka mumikorere nibikorwa byo kuvugurura.Mugihe ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bikunda gusubiza hamwe nimpinduka zikomeye kubucuruzi bwabo bukora, ibigo byinshi binini bihindura imiterere nimiryango yabo kugirango bihuze neza nibihe bishya.
Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ku nganda zikoreshwa mu mashini ziragoye guhanura, ariko impinduka zisabwa zitangwa hamwe no gukenera serivisi za digitale birashoboka ko bizahoraho.Kubera ko serivisi zikiri nkenerwa kugirango imashini zashizweho zitange umusaruro, OEMs nabatanga isoko bagura serivisi zabo zibanda kubikorwa bya serivise byongerewe imbaraga nka serivisi za kure.Ibihe bishya hamwe n’intera mbonezamubano biganisha ku gukenera serivisi zinoze zigezweho.
Kuruhande rwabakiriya, impinduka zihoraho ziragaragara neza.Inganda zo mu kirere zibabajwe n’ingendo ku isi.Airbus na Boeing batangaje gahunda yo kugabanya umusaruro wabo mu myaka mike iri imbere.Ni nako bigenda no mu nganda zubaka ubwato, aho icyifuzo cy’amato atwara abagenzi cyaragabanutse kugera kuri zeru.Ibicuruzwa byagabanutse bizanagira ingaruka mbi kubikoresho byimashini isabwa mumyaka ibiri iri imbere.

Ibishoboka muburyo bushya bwikoranabuhanga
Guhindura ibyo umukiriya asabwa
Guhindura byinshi, kugabanya igihe-kubaguzi, no kubyaza umusaruro mumijyi ni inzira nke zisaba imashini yongerewe imbaraga.Usibye ibice byingenzi nkibiciro, ikoreshwa, kuramba, umuvuduko wibikorwa, hamwe nubwiza, imashini nini ihinduka ihinduka nkimwe mubintu nyamukuru biranga imashini nshya.
Abashinzwe ibihingwa n'abashinzwe inganda bashinzwe kumenya akamaro kiyongereye kubintu bya digitale kugirango bongere umusaruro nubushobozi bwumutungo wabo.Umutekano wamakuru, imiyoboro itumanaho ifunguye, hamwe namakuru mashya yikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho (ICT) ni ngombwa kugirango uhuze porogaramu zikoreshwa n’ibisubizo ku rwego rwo hejuru rwo gutangiza no gutanga umusaruro.Uyu munsi kubura ubumenyi bwa digitale-uburyo nubutunzi bwimari nigihe ntarengwa bibangamira ishyirwa mubikorwa ryiterambere rya digitale na serivisi nshya kubakoresha amaherezo.Byongeye kandi, gukurikirana no kubika amakuru yimikorere biba ngombwa kandi nibisabwa mubikorwa byinganda nyinshi zabakiriya.

Icyerekezo cyiza cyinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga
Nubwo hari imitwe, inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zisa neza, kwisi yose.Nk’uko amakuru aturuka mu nganda abitangaza ngo ibice by’imodoka byoroheje ku isi byagaragaye ko bitangaje kandi biteganijwe ko bizakomeza kwiyongera.Biteganijwe ko APAC izandika umuvuduko mwinshi witerambere mubijyanye numusaruro ukurikirwa na Amerika ya ruguru.Byongeye kandi, kugurisha ibinyabiziga n’amashanyarazi bigenda byiyongera ku buryo bugaragara, ibyo bigatuma hakenerwa ibikoresho by’imashini n’ibindi bikoresho bijyanye n’ibikorwa byo gukora.Ibikoresho by'imashini bifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mu nganda z’imodoka nko gusya CNC (imashini ya garebox, amazu yohereza, imitwe ya moteri ya moteri, nibindi), guhindukira (ingoma ya feri, rotor, ibiziga biguruka, nibindi) gucukura, nibindi hamwe no kuza kwiterambere tekinoroji na automatike, icyifuzo cyimashini kigiye kwiyongera gusa kugirango ubone umusaruro nukuri.

Ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC biteganijwe ko biganza isoko kwisi yose
Imashini igenzura mudasobwa igabanya inzira nyinshi zikorwa mukugabanya igihe cyo gukora no kugabanya amakosa yabantu.Ubwiyongere bukenewe mu nganda zikoresha mu nganda zatumye ikoreshwa rya mashini za CNC ryiyongera.Nanone, ishyirwaho ry’ibikorwa byo gukora muri Aziya-Pasifika byatumye hakoreshwa igenzura rya mudasobwa mu murenge.
Isoko rihiganwa cyane ryahatiye abakinnyi kwibanda kuburyo bunoze bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bagerageza kubona inyungu zipiganwa muguhindura ibikoresho byabo, birimo imashini za CNC.Usibye ibi, guhuza icapiro rya 3D hamwe nimashini za CNC ninyongera idasanzwe kuri bimwe mubice bishya bitanga umusaruro, biteganijwe ko bizatanga ubushobozi bwibikoresho byinshi, hamwe no gutakaza umutungo muke.
Hamwe nibi, hamwe n’impungenge zigenda ziyongera ku bushyuhe bw’isi no kugabanuka kwingufu z’ingufu, imashini za CNC zirimo gukoreshwa cyane mu kubyara amashanyarazi, kuko iki gikorwa gisaba kwikora cyane.

Ahantu nyaburanga
Isoko ryibikoresho byimashini byacitsemo ibice muri kamere hamwe nabakinnyi bakomeye kwisi yose hamwe nabakinnyi bato n'abaciriritse bakinira hamwe nabakinnyi batari bake bafite umugabane wisoko.Abanywanyi bakomeye mumasoko yimashini zikoresha imashini zirimo Ubushinwa, Ubudage, Ubuyapani, n'Ubutaliyani.Ku Budage, usibye amashami menshi yo kugurisha no gutanga serivisi cyangwa ibiro by’ishami by’abakora ibikoresho by’imashini z’Abadage ku isi, birashoboka ko hari ibigo bitageze kuri 20 by’Abadage bitanga ibice byuzuye mu mahanga muri iki gihe.
Hamwe no kwiyongera kwimikorere, ibigo byibanda mugutezimbere ibisubizo byikora.Inganda nazo zirimo kwibonera inzira yo guhuriza hamwe hamwe no kugura.Izi ngamba zifasha ibigo kwinjira mumasoko mashya no kubona abakiriya bashya.

Ejo hazaza h'ibikoresho by'imashini
Iterambere mubyuma na software birahindura ibikoresho byimashini.Inganda zigenda mumyaka iri imbere zishobora kwibanda kuri iri terambere, cyane cyane kubijyanye no kwikora.
Inganda zikoresha imashini ziteganijwe kubona iterambere muri:
Kwinjiza ibintu byubwenge & imiyoboro
Imashini zikoreshwa na IoT ziteguye
Intelligence Ubwenge (AI)
 Iterambere rya software

Kwinjizamo Ibintu Byubwenge Numuyoboro
Iterambere mu ikorana buhanga ryoroheje kuruta ikindi gihe cyose guhuza ibikoresho byubwenge no kubaka imiyoboro yaho.
Kurugero, ibikoresho byinshi hamwe ninganda zo kubara inganda ziteganijwe gukoreshwa ukoresheje insinga imwe ya Ethernet (SPE) mumyaka iri imbere.Ikoranabuhanga rimaze imyaka, ariko ibigo bitangiye kubona ibyiza bitanga mukubaka imiyoboro yubwenge.
Ushobora guhererekanya imbaraga hamwe namakuru icyarimwe, SPE ikwiranye no guhuza ibyuma byubwenge hamwe nibikoresho bihujwe na mudasobwa zikomeye zitwara imiyoboro yinganda.Kimwe cya kabiri cy'ubunini bwa kabili ya Ethernet isanzwe, irashobora gukwira ahantu henshi, ikoreshwa mukongeramo amasano menshi mumwanya umwe, kandi igasubizwa mumiyoboro isanzwe.Ibi bituma SPE ihitamo neza yo kubaka imiyoboro yubwenge mu ruganda no mububiko bwububiko bushobora kuba budakwiriye kuri WiFi yubu.
Imiyoboro mito-nini yagutse (LPWAN) yemerera amakuru guhererekanya bidasubirwaho kubikoresho byahujwe murwego runini kuruta ikoranabuhanga ryabanje.Gushya gushya kwa LPWAN birashobora kohereza umwaka wose utabisimbuye kandi wohereza amakuru kugera kuri km 3.
Ndetse na WiFi iragenda ishoboka.Ibipimo bishya bya WiFi muri iki gihe biri gutezwa imbere na IEEE bizakoresha 2.4 GHz na 5.0 GHz bitagira umurongo, byongera imbaraga kandi bigere kurenza ibyo imiyoboro iriho ishoboye.
Kwiyongera kugera no guhinduranya bitangwa nubuhanga bushya bwinsinga kandi butagira umugozi butuma automatike ishoboka murwego runini kuruta mbere.Muguhuza imiyoboro igezweho yo guhuza imiyoboro, gukoresha imashini hamwe nu miyoboro yubwenge bizamenyekana cyane mugihe cya vuba, kuva mubikorwa byogajuru no mubuhinzi.

Imashini zikoresha kandi IoT Imashini ziteguye
Mugihe inganda zikomeje gukoresha tekinoroji ya digitale, tuzabona gukora imashini nyinshi zubatswe kuri automatike na enterineti yinganda yibintu (IIoT).Muburyo bumwe twabonye ubwiyongere bwibikoresho bihujwe - kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa kugeza kuri thermostat zifite ubwenge - isi ikora izakira ikorana buhanga.
Ibikoresho byimashini zikoresha ubwenge hamwe na robo irashobora gukora ijanisha ryinshi ryimirimo mubikorwa byinganda uko ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere.Cyane cyane muri ibyo bihe aho akazi kaba kabi cyane kubantu gukora, ibikoresho byimashini zikoresha bizakoreshwa cyane.
Mugihe ibikoresho byinshi bihujwe na interineti byuzuye hasi muruganda, umutekano wa cyber uzaba impungenge.Kwibanda mu nganda byaviriyemo ibibazo byinshi biteye impungenge bya sisitemu zikoresha mu myaka yashize, bimwe muri byo bikaba byashoboraga kuviramo ubuzima.Nka sisitemu ya IIoT igenda ihuzwa, umutekano wa cyber uziyongera mubyingenzi.

AI
Cyane cyane murwego runini rwinganda, imikoreshereze ya AI kumashini ya progaramu iziyongera.Mugihe imashini nibikoresho byimashini bigenda byikora kurwego runini, porogaramu zizakenera kwandikwa no gukorwa mugihe nyacyo cyo gucunga izo mashini.Aho niho AI yinjira.
Mu rwego rwibikoresho byimashini, AI irashobora gukoreshwa mugukurikirana gahunda imashini ikoresha mugukata ibice, ukareba ko idatandukana nibisobanuro.Niba hari ibitagenda neza, AI irashobora gufunga imashini igakora kwisuzumisha, kugabanya ibyangiritse.
AI irashobora kandi gufasha mukubungabunga ibikoresho byimashini kugirango igabanye kandi ikemure ibibazo mbere yuko biba.Kurugero, porogaramu iherutse kwandikwa ishobora kumenya kwambara no kurira mumashanyarazi ya ball ball, ikintu cyagombaga gukorwa nintoki mbere.Porogaramu ya AI nkiyi irashobora gufasha iduka ryimashini gukora neza, bigatuma umusaruro ugenda neza kandi udahagarara.

Iterambere rya software rya CNC
Iterambere mubikorwa bya mudasobwa bifashwa na mudasobwa (CAM) bikoreshwa mugutunganya CNC bituma habaho kurushaho gusobanuka mubikorwa.Porogaramu ya CAM noneho yemerera abakanishi gukoresha twinning ya digitale - inzira yo kwigana ikintu gifatika cyangwa inzira yisi ya digitale.
Mbere yuko igice gikorwa muburyo bw'umubiri, kwigana imibare yuburyo bwo gukora birashobora gukorwa.Ibikoresho bitandukanye nuburyo bushobora kugeragezwa kugirango harebwe ibishobora gutanga ibisubizo byiza.Ibyo bigabanya ikiguzi mukuzigama ibikoresho namasaha yumuntu ashobora kuba yarakoreshejwe muburyo bunoze bwo gukora.
Ubusobanuro bushya bwa software ikora nka CAD na CAM nabwo burimo gukoreshwa muguhugura abakozi bashya, kubereka moderi ya 3D yibice bakora na mashini bakorana kugirango berekane ibitekerezo.Iyi software kandi yorohereza gutunganya byihuse, bivuze igihe gito cyo gutinda no gutanga ibitekerezo byihuse kubakoresha imashini mugihe bakora.
Ibikoresho bya mashini-axis birakora neza, ariko kandi biza mukaga gakomeye ko kugongana nkuko ibice byinshi bikora icyarimwe.Porogaramu igezweho igabanya ibi byago, nayo igabanya igihe cyagenwe nibikoresho byatakaye.

Imashini Zikora Ubwenge
Ibikoresho byimashini zigihe kizaza birusha ubwenge, byoroshye guhuza, kandi ntibikunze kwibeshya.Igihe nikigera, automatike izoroha kandi ikorwe neza hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byimashini iyobowe na AI hamwe na software igezweho.Abakoresha bazashobora kugenzura imashini zabo bakoresheje interineti ya mudasobwa byoroshye kandi bakora ibice bifite amakosa make.Iterambere ryihuriro rizorohereza inganda zubwenge nububiko byoroshye kubigeraho.
Inganda 4.0 nayo ifite ubushobozi bwo kunoza imikoreshereze yimashini zikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukora mugabanya igihe cyubusa.Ubushakashatsi mu nganda bwerekanye ko ibikoresho byimashini bikata cyane ibyuma bitarenze 40% byigihe, rimwe na rimwe bikajya munsi ya 25% byigihe.Gusesengura amakuru ajyanye no guhindura ibikoresho, guhagarika porogaramu, nibindi, bifasha amashyirahamwe kumenya icyateye igihe cyubusa no kugikemura.Ibi bivamo gukoresha neza ibikoresho byimashini.
Nkuko Inganda 4.0 zikomeje gufata isi yose yinganda zumuyaga, ibikoresho byimashini nabyo bigenda biba igice cya sisitemu yubwenge.Mu Buhinde nabwo, igitekerezo, nubwo kiri mucyiciro kivuka, kigenda cyiyongera buhoro buhoro, cyane cyane mubakoresha ibikoresho binini byimashini bashya muri iki cyerekezo.Icyambere, ibikoresho byimashini inganda zirimo kureba Inganda 4.0 kugirango zuzuze ibyifuzo byabakiriya kugirango umusaruro wiyongere, kugabanya igihe cyizuba hamwe nubwiza buhebuje.Niyo mpamvu, kwemeza inganda 4.0 biri mu rwego rwo kugera ku ntego nini yo guhindura Ubuhinde ihuriro ry’isi yose mu gukora inganda, gushushanya no guhanga udushya, no kongera uruhare rw’inganda muri GDP kuva kuri 17% kugeza kuri 25% muri 2022.